The doctoral degree in physics is awarded to a student who has demonstrated mastery in the field of physics and a distinct and superior ability to make substantial contributions to the field. The quality of work and the resourcefulness of the student must be such that the faculty can expect a continuing effort toward the advancement of knowledge and significant achievement in research and related activities. Publication of research in peer-reviewed journals is expected. The doctoral degree in physics prepares students to enter research careers in academic, government and industrial settings. Non-research careers in a variety of areas including public policy, science communication, intellectual property law, science education, and entrepreneurship are also possible. The degree provides a foundation in one of the following areas of expertise: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Photovoltaics and Condensed Matter Physics consisting of theory and experiment, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Medical Physics, Biophysics, and Photonics. A strong training maybe expected in research methodologies and practices, rigorous hypothesis-driven scientific investigation, and the dissemination of research results and ideas through scholarly article publication, presentation at conferences, other universities and research settings. In general, work for the PhD takes five years of study beyond the bachelor’s degree. A substantial portion of this time is spent in independent research leading to a dissertation. Normally 90 credit hours of study beyond the bachelor’s degree are required for the PhD Students may opt to get a MS degree during their Ph.D. program. Learning Outcomes PLO 1. Our students must be able to analyze and solve (using the appropriate mathematical techniques) any problem from the core areas of physics at the graduate level (Newtonian mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, quantum theory, and relativity). PLO 2. Our students must be able to analyze and solve (using the appropriate mathematical techniques) any problem from their area of research (e.g., astrophysics, photovoltaics). PLO 3. Our students must be able to critique any publication from their research area. PLO 4. Our students will design and conduct new research via experimental, observational or theoretical techniques. PLO 5. Our students must be able to discuss and explain the results of their research to the scientific community via written and oral presentations.