The PhD is an advanced research degree that requires original and substantive contributions to the advancement of our understanding of computer science. Graduates of the PhD program are prepared for careers that involve conducting independent research and teaching in academia, government and industry, as well as for careers in a wide range of fields, in roles such as programmers, software developers, software engineers, business analysts, data scientists, big data developers, or data engineers. PhD students may focus their research in: Artificial Intelligence: machine learning, reasoning and algorithmic decision making, intelligent user interfaces, computer visionNetwork Science: graph theory, network analytics, social network analysis, and applications in social media, computational biology, and brain scienceData analytics, data science, big data: business intelligence, data integration, data management, data mining, databases, health analytics, health informatics, learning analyticsHuman-centered technologies: human computer interaction (HCI), visual, haptic and multimodal interfaces, visual analytics, immersive analyticsOptimization, scientific computing: numerical methods and software, modeling, visualizationSoftware Engineering: development tools, software engineering analytics